The Bible is the most important book ever written. This is a statement that is not only accepted by Christians but by many non-Christians as well. Sadly, most in our culture know very little about the Bible. Here are some of the most basic facts about Scripture.

1. The word “bible” means “book” or “books.” The Holy Bible is a library of many different books.

2. The Bible is a library because it contains 66 books – 39 in the Old Testament and 27 in the New.

3. The Old Testament is divided into four major sections. First is the Pentateuch. These are the first five books of the Bible (Penta means five; teuch means scroll) which include Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. They were written by Moses and cover the history of the world from the Creation down to the death of Moses. They include popular people and events such as Creation, Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah and the Great Flood, and the Tower of Babel. We also find Abraham, Moses, the Exodus, the Ten Commandments, and the Mosaic Law within this section of the Bible.

Next are the historical books which include Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. They cover about a thousand years from Moses (c. 1450 BC) down to the middle part of the Persian Empire (c. 440 BC). This period includes people and events such as the Conquest of the Promised Land, Gideon, Samson and Delilah, David and Solomon, Elijah, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, and Cyrus, king of Persia.

Third, we have the Poetic and Wisdom books. This is where we find Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs (sometimes called Canticles or the Song of Solomon).

Lastly, we have the Prophets. There are 17 of them. One of these books is technically not a prophetic book. Lamentations was written by Jeremiah about the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians c. 586 BC. The Prophets are often sub-divided into Major Prophets and Minor Prophets. The Major Prophets include Isaiah, Jeremiah (with Lamentations), Ezekiel, and Daniel. The Minor Prophets include Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.

4. The Jews have a different way of dividing the Old Testament (referred to as the Hebrew Bible). The Pentateuch is called the Torah (which means “Law” since a large portion of the first five books are the laws God gave to the Israelites through Moses – including the Ten Commandments). The Historical and Prophetic books are called “The Prophets.”

The Historical Books are called the “Former Prophets” (some are excluded, however, see below) while books such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, etc. are called the “Latter Prophets.” Lastly, there are the “Writings” which include the Wisdom/Poetic books and Lamentations, Ruth, Esther, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah (as one book), and 1-2 Chronicles (as one book).

5. The Jews also number the OT books differently than Christians. Christians have 39 books in the OT. Jews, however, number them at 24. However, this includes the same content as what Christians have in their Bible. Jews combine 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, and combine the twelve prophetic books from Hosea through Malachi into one book called “The Twelve.”

6. The New Testament is often divided into four sections (although one can divide them differently). First are the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) and Acts. These books cover the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ (the Gospels) and the rise of the church from the resurrection of Christ (c. 30 AD) down to the early 60s AD (Acts).

Second, we have the Pauline Epistles (letters). The apostle Paul wrote 13 (14?) letters. They are Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon. Paul may have written Hebrews although most scholars believe it was not written by him (the letter is anonymous).

Third, we have the General Epistles which include James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1, 2, & 3 John, and Jude (and most of the time Hebrews as well). Lastly, there is the book of Revelation (which is sometimes included with the General Epistles).

7. The Old Testament has 929 chapters and 23,214 verses. The New Testament has 260 chapters and 7,959 verses.

8. According to the Book of Bible Lists, “It was not until A.D. 1250 that the Bible was divided into chapters. At that time Cardinal Hugo incorporated chapter divisions into the Latin Bible. His divisions, although for convenience, were not always accurate; however, essentially those same chapter divisions have persisted to this day. In 1551 Robert Estienne introduced a Greek New Testament with the inclusion of verse divisions. He did not fix verses for the Old Testament. The first entire English Bible to have verse divisions was the Geneva Bible in 1560.”[1]

9. The longest book in the Bible is Psalms.

10. The shortest book in the Scripture is 3 John.

11. Paul is the author who wrote the most books in the Bible at 13 (maybe a 14^th– see #6 above).

12. Almost the entire Bible was written by Jews. The only author who is generally agreed to have not been a Jew is Luke (who wrote Luke and Acts) even though he learned a lot about Christianity from Jews.

13. The Bible was originally written in three languages. Most of the Old Testament was written down in Hebrew with small sections written in Aramaic (Ezra 4:8-6:18; 7:12-26 and Daniel 2:4- 7:28). The New Testament was written in Greek.

14. The Old Testament was written from approximately 1400 BC through 400 BC.

15. The New Testament was written from approximately 50-100 AD.

What do you think? Did you know these? Did you learn something new? Leave a comment below and share it on social media.

[1] H.L. Willmington. Book of Bible Lists (Wheaton: Tyndale, 1987). 35.